Forester, J. (1989) Planning in the Face of Power. Berkeley: University of California Press.


Forester relocates planning power from spectacular acts of command to the organisation of information, attention and communicative access. Planners work inside asymmetrical fields in which actors possess unequal capacities to define problems, withhold information, frame alternatives and secure a hearing. His methodological operation is pragmatic reconstruction: examine how apparently technical communications alter what participants can know, say, contest and do. The result is an account in which misinformation is not simply false content but a distortion of action conditions, produced through selective agendas, technical vocabularies, procedural timing and institutional authority. This makes the planner neither neutral technician nor sovereign decision-maker, but an actor capable of reinforcing or countering structured inequalities in communicative situations. The book bridges planning theory, critical theory and professional practice. For the present nexus, it establishes that evidence continuity is political from the beginning: what later appears as a stable planning fact depends on earlier decisions about who supplied information, which categories were accepted, which uncertainties remained visible and which voices were rendered legible to the process.